C2. Strong Cider

Strong Ciders use either sugary adjuncts or concentration processes to increase the final alcohol content to levels above those typically attainable from fermenting only unadulterated sweet cider. These additional ingredients or processes have noticeable effects on the finished profile of the ciders, in addition to simply increasing the alcohol level. The name of the category should not be interpreted as implying that every example is necessarily stronger in alcohol than every Traditional Cider style.

The same general characteristics and fault descriptions apply to Strong Ciders as to Traditional Ciders (category C1), with the exception of allowable added ingredients. See the Introduction to Cider and Perry Styles for detailed sensory characteristics that apply to all styles.

C2A. New England Cider

This cider is made using traditional New England apples with relatively high acidity, and adjuncts to raise alcohol levels and contribute additional flavor notes. New England is a multi-state region in the northeast United States, east of New York state.

Overall Impression

Substantial body and character. Typically is relatively dry, but can be somewhat sweet if in balance and not containing hot alcohol. Sometimes has a barrel character. Often has flavors from adjuncts, especially raisins.

Appearance

Clear to brilliant. Yellow to amber color. Darker colors allowable with declared ingredients and barrel aging.

Aroma / Flavor

A flavorful cider with robust apple character, strong but neutral alcohol, and derivative flavors from adjuncts and sugar additives. Traditionally dry, but sweetness can be present to balance stronger flavors. If sugary adjuncts have a flavor or aroma, those should be balanced with the apple flavor and not dominate. A raisin-like flavor is common. Any barrel or wood character should be restrained, not dominant. Tannins can add to the dryness of the finish. Acid levels are moderate to high, and should be in balance with other flavors. Alcohol should not be hot or harsh. There are many possible flavors present; the best examples show an integration and harmonization between components.

Mouthfeel

Moderate to full body. Alcohol warmth typical, but should not have a hot character. Medium-low to moderate tannins, which can be higher if barrel-aged. Variable carbonation.

Comments

Adjuncts may include any of white sugar, brown sugar, molasses, maple syrup, or small amounts of honey. Raisins are common. These adjuncts are intended to raise the OG well above what could be achieved by apples alone. Sometimes barrel-aged, which can add an oak character similar to a barrel-aged wine. If the barrel previously held spirits, some of their flavor notes (e.g., whisky, rum) may be present, but must be subtle and balanced. New England Cider is a traditional style; do not interpret it to mean any cider from New England. It also has nothing to do with New England (Hazy) IPA.

Characteristic Ingredients

Traditional New England apples, such as Northern Spy, Roxbury Russet, Golden Russet, Baldwin

Entry Instructions

Entrants MUST specify if the cider was barrel-fermented or -aged. Entrants MUST specify both carbonation and sweetness levels.

Vital Statistics

OG

1.060 - 1.100

FG

0.995 - 1.020

ABV

7% - 13%

Commercial Examples

Blackbird Cider Works New England Style, Doc’s New England Small Batch Cider, Dressler Estate Outpost, Gypsy Circus New England Pantomime, Tandem Ciders Scrumpy Little Woody.

C2B. Applewine

A cider fermented with added neutral sugar that increases the starting gravity, and thus the resulting alcohol, to levels well above those typical for Common Cider. The amount of added sugar is greater than what could be used in other styles to compensate for low gravity. Uses no fruit other than apples, and uses only sugar to increase the starting gravity.

Overall Impression

Typically presents like a dry white wine, with fruity and floral notes. Balanced, with low astringency and bitterness. Alcohol is typically noticeable.

Appearance

Clear to brilliant. Straw to medium-gold. Cloudiness or hazes are inappropriate.

Aroma / Flavor

Comparable to a Common Cider in apple character, fruity and floral. Cider character must be distinctive. Very dry to sweet, although often dry. Dry versions can be fairly neutral. Light to moderate yeast character acceptable. Alcohol usually noticeable but should not be harsh, hot, or burning. Acidity typically medium to high. Tannins low to none. The combination of acidity, alcohol, and dryness must not make the finish too hard and tight.

Mouthfeel

Dry versions may seem lighter in body than other ciders, because higher alcohol levels are derived from sugar additions rather than juice. Carbonation may range from still to Champagne-like. Typically has a light alcohol warmth.

Comments

Differs from a New England Cider by using flavorless adjuncts. Sugar is added for chaptalization, or increasing the gravity of the juice in order to create more alcohol; it is not intended to increase residual sweetness. Does not contain grapes or fruit other than apples. Not related to Apfelwein, which is a German word for cider. Fortified or distilled products should not be entered in this style. Some commercial examples may be labeled as applewine based on ABV levels and local laws; when seeking examples, pay attention to the profile, not the labeling.

Characteristic Ingredients

Same as Common Cider

Entry Instructions

Entrants MUST specify both carbonation and sweetness levels.

Vital Statistics

OG

1.070 - 1.100

FG

0.995 - 1.020

ABV

9% - 12%

Commercial Examples

Autumn Glory Apple Wine, McClure’s Sweet Apple Wine, Established Empire Dry Applewine.

Past Revision

Applewine (2015)

C2C. Ice Cider

A cider fermented from juice concentrated either by freezing fruit before pressing or by freezing juice to remove water. Fermentation stops or is arrested before reaching dryness.

Appearance

Brilliant. Color is deeper than a standard cider, in the range of gold to amber. Aged examples may show darker shades of color.

Aroma / Flavor

Fruity, with a depth and complexity of apple flavor. Smooth, rich, sweet, and dessert wine-like but with a balancing acidity, like in a Sauternes or other high-quality dessert wine. Acidity must be high enough to prevent it from being cloying. Has a bright character when fresh. Age can bring a deeper complexity with a darker fruit and sugar character, but this should not seem strongly caramelized. Noticeable volatile acidity, typically perceived as acetone, is a fault.

Mouthfeel

Full body. May be tannic (astringent or bitter) but this is generally slight to moderate, although higher balanced levels are allowable. Can be warming but should not be hot.

Comments

The character differs from Applewine in that the ice cider process increases not only sugar (and hence, potential alcohol) but also acidity and all fruit flavor components proportionately. Differs from Fire Cider in that it lacks deeply caramelized flavors, but has a higher acidity to balance the sweetness. No additives are permitted in this style; in particular, sweeteners may not be used to increase gravity. This style originated in Quebec in the 1990s.

Characteristic Ingredients

Usually North American classic table fruit such as McIntosh or Cortland

Entry Instructions

Entrants MUST specify starting gravity, final gravity or residual sugar, and alcohol level. Entrants MUST specify carbonation level.

Vital Statistics

OG

1.130 - 1.180

FG

1.050 - 1.085

ABV

7% - 13%

Commercial Examples

Orchards Honeycrisp Ice Cider, Cidrerie St-Nicolas Glace Du Verger Iced Orchard Cider, Domaine Pinnacle Cidre de Glace, Heirloom Blend Ice Cider, Eve’s Cider Essence, Les Vergers de la Colline Le Glacé, Windfall Orchard Ice Cider.

Past Revision

Ice Cider (2015)

C2D. Fire Cider

A Canadian cider style (cidre de feu) using classic North American table fruit varietals, and fermented from boiled, concentrated juice. Fermentation may be intentionally arrested or stopped while a substantial amount of residual sugar is present. No additives are permitted; in particular, sweeteners may not be used to increase gravity. Commercial versions may be aged for up to five years prior to release.

Overall Impression

A dark gold to brown cider with a very sweet, caramelized, maple sugar-like impression. Well-aged versions often exhibit a dark fruit or sherry-like character.

Appearance

Clear to brilliant. Color is much deeper than a Common Cider or Ice Cider, ranging from deep gold to brown.

Aroma / Flavor

Deep, sweet aroma of caramelized sugars that can have a character like maple syrup or brown sugar, with hints of caramel, dried apricots, baked apples, or butterscotch. Aged versions may have elements of dark fruits and often exhibit a sherry-like character. A very light smoke-like character, if present, is not a fault. Acidity and tannins are typically restrained in the balance. High to very high sweetness, yet not cloying. Up to moderate alcohol may be present, but must be well-integrated.

Mouthfeel

Full body, sometimes with a thick, chewy viscosity. Some examples can have moderate tannin levels, but not to the point where they seem overly astringent or harsh. Carbonation typically still to moderate. Alcohol warmth may be perceived at a low to moderately-low level, sometimes less obvious than the strength would otherwise indicate. Well-aged examples can exhibit a characteristic smoothness.

Comments

Caramelization is desirable, but scorched or burnt flavors are a fault. Differs from Ice Cider in that it should have a character from caramelization, and the acidity is generally lower in the balance.

Characteristic Ingredients

Varieties: Classic North American table fruit such as McIntosh, Cortland, or Spartan

Entry Instructions

Entrants MUST specify starting gravity, final gravity or residual sugar, and alcohol level. Entrants MUST specify carbonation level.

Vital Statistics

OG

1.130 - 1.180

FG

1.040 - 1.072

ABV

9% - 16%

Commercial Examples

Cideri Milton Cidre de Feu, Domain Labranche Fire Cider, Lacroix Feu Sacré, Petit et Fils Le Jaseux, Union Libre Fire Cider.